SNC, the spec's rules, such as the "100m limit" rule, are actually rules of thumb distilling the engineering details into rules most installers can deal with. You actually need only be within the plant performance specs such as SNR, insertion loss, NEXT/FEXT, impedance, and so on. A high quality twisted pair cable will do better than a minimum quality cable, and that will get you some headroom.
Modern PHYs have extra tolerance, too. Some kinds of performance problems can be compensated for in the PHY, and so if you have a good switch and/or good NICs, they can provide a stable link on cables that are outside spec.
All that said, Ethernet's blessing and curse is that it often mostly works where it shouldn't. That is to say, a cable that's out of spec might end up working most of the time but have a slight error rate. It would be much easier to find that condition if it didn't work at all - instead, you have just an occasional error, and those can be tremendously annoying to hunt down. When you run cables deliberately out of spec, you're into the territory of mostly working - and the difference between fully working and mostly working can be an operational nightmare.