My dad is in the oncology business, so I'll tell you what he's got to say about this...
The reason that they were able to create a vaccine for cervical cancer is because cervical cancer has been linked to a specific virus. Other types of cancers are not viral and can be caused by many things (environment, genetics, diet, etc), so it is unlikely that there will be a vaccine for any more types of cancer. However, there are some companies out there that are working on making stronger, more effective medicines without the terrible side affects that will be more efficient in combatting the cancer cells. My dad expects chemotherapy to be phased out in the next 5 years or so.