i scanned this from a book:
Partitioning a hard disk is the act of defining areas of the disk for an operating system to
use as a volume. To DOS, a volume is an area of a disk denoted as a drive letter; for example,
drive C is volume C, drive D is volume D, and so on. Some people think that you have to
partition a disk only if you are going to divide it into more than one volume. This is a
misunderstanding; a disk must be partitioned even if it will be the single volume C.
When a disk is partitioned, a master partition boot sector is written at cylinder 0, head 0,
sector 1--the first sector on the hard disk. This sector contains data that describes the
partitions by their starting and ending cylinder, head, and sector locations. The partition
table also indicates to the ROM BIOS which of the partitions is bootable and, therefore, where
to look for an operating system to load. A single hard disk can have 1 to 24 partitions. This
number includes all the hard drives installed in the system, which means that you can have as
many as 24 separate hard disks with one partition each, a single hard disk with 24 partitions,
or a combination of disks and partitions such that the total number of partitions is no more
than 24. If you have more than 24 drives or partitions, DOS does not recognize them, although
other operating systems may. What limits DOS is that a letter is used to name a volume, and the
Roman alphabet ends with Z--the 24th volume, when you begin with C.