CPU
Sockets: Socket 1,2,3,6: 486 era sockets, 3 and 6 support overdrives and multiplier CPUs.
Socket 4: P60/66. Neither had multipliers
Socket 5/7: Pentium level.
Super 7: Socket 7 w/ 100MHz FSB support
Socket 8: PPro
Slot 1: P2/P3/Celeron
Slot 2: Xeon
Slot A: Athlon
Socket A/462: Athlon and Duron
Socket 370, 370 FCPGA, 370 FCPGA2: P3/Celeron
Socket 423: P4
Socket 478: P4 by the end of the year
Socket 513: P4 Xeon by the end of the year
Memory
DIPP: very old, not used since the 286
SIPP: about as old
30 pin SIMM: used in 286-486. Required quartets in 486s
72 pin SIMM: used in 486-P2. Required pairs in Pentium and later CPUs
168 pin DIMM: Socket 7 and later. Usually SDRAM, not always. Can be installed individually in most cases
144 pin SO-DIMM: notebook memory
184 pin DIMM: DDR module
RIMM: must be installed in pairs on i840 and i850 motherboards. Continuity RIMMs are needed for empty slots.
Expansion
ISA: possibly the oldest PC bus and still hangs around.
MCA: a bit faster than ISA, but wasn't fast enough to catch on
EISA: backward compatible with ISA, came close to catching on
PCI: currently the standard bus
There is exceptions to some of these descriptions. But they were just off the top of my head.