That's a good point about chains; many of them do have multiple presences within medium size or larger towns. I would think that very few actually have a presence in every sales tax jurisdiction, but of course etailers retain serious advantages in not paying multiple property taxes and the many fees that propagate everywhere government exists.
As to lower taxes creating a more business-friendly environment and higher taxes creating a less business-friendly environment, that's undisputed, and everyone in government (perhaps excepting the dimmest bulbs) knows it. Any place one can lower one's expenses without lowering one's revenue, that place is more attractive to business, which also makes it more attractive to workers and consumers. The prize for government is to make taxes just low enough to attract enough business to replace the lower corporate tax revenue with other, additional revenue from the increased economic activity. Obviously not every state and local can have the lowest taxes, so some also compete for business with higher taxes that fund better infrastructure and services, on the theory that a better educated, better serviced populace will also attract businesses who will be willing to accept higher costs to compete for a more affluent customer base. Both approaches can work, and both can fail. An area with an illiterate populace and nonfunctional infrastructure will fail even with super-low taxes. An area with a highly literate, technical populace and world class infrastructure will fail if its taxes increase to the point that businesses cannot make a profit of that highly literate, technical populace.
As to why you hear more cries to raise corporate taxes, I suspect you are surrounding yourself with progressives. Progressives believe that tax money is a Magic Cupboard; it will never run dry, and no matter how much government takes, the economy will only improve because people in government are so much smarter than the rest of us. (If you believe that government can take more taxes from the high earners without reducing economic activity, you too are a progressive.) Progressives also believe that corporate taxes are invisible to the consumer, which is actually true to other progressives. But even progressives notice when the American-produced product gets more expensive than its foreign competitor's, and being "citizens of the world" feel no need to buy American. So while raising corporate taxes raises revenue in the short term, it also reduces the number and competitiveness of businesses, and lowers sales means lower tax revenue. Increasing corporate taxes means chasing an ever-decreasing revenue train. The rest of the world knows this, but the USA, with the highest corporate tax rates in the First World, mostly cares about punishing the rich and getting that short term buzz of increased tax revenue.