The variable &1 is the first item passed from the command, &2 second and so on so the command "MYBATCHFILE.BAT DATA PASSED", within the batch file,
&1="DATA" and &2="PASSED". The series of:
@ %DEFAULT="whatever you want when nothing is passed to the batchfile"
@if "%1." == "." goto NOTPASSED
@call NEWPROGRAM &1
@goto END
:NOTPASSED
@Call NEWPROGRAM.EXE &DEFAULT
@goto END
:END
will get you as close as possible within the confines of a batch file.