Worst case is you either rip out the existing drywall and insulation and install some high STC rated insulation or you fur out the wall and install the same high STC insulation. The only problem with ripping out the existing drywall is that the wall separating your townhouses is fire rated so you'll have to use Type X rated rock and make sure all the joints are fire-taped or fire-caulked.
Furing out w/ 2x4s and installing 2 layers of Johns Manville (or similar manufacturer) sound rated unfaced batt insulation will yield a pretty quiet room. You'll just have to keep the bass down.
If anything I expect the bass will be the issue. You can only really get good low frequencey control with mass. Sure you can spend a lot of money (compared to another sheet of drywall) and get really dense insulation but he would be better served with a double drywall setup than more insulation. It's even better if you dont attach the new framing to the existing wall and use RISC clips. Sound escapes through openings so this would also give him the cahnce to build backer boxes to all of the protrusions in the wall (outlet boxes)
purebeast0- part of the issue is that what is loud is subjective. You may say you don't want to blast it 24/7 but the volume you do choose happens to be 100 decibles
Realistically high freq sounds won't be a huge issue unless you have it really loud. What type of sub do you have?
FWIW I have been in a townhouse before and the bass from my VRP-1200 was easily audible at all but the lowest settings even though we never really heard them talking or the volume from their TVs
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