There are thousands. A place to begin though...
There used to be "The Church", which was the Catholic Church. Martin Luther took exception to some of their practices and nailed the
95 Thesis to a church door. This was the initiation of the split between the Catholic and Protestant churches.
You see the creation of the Anglican Church when one of the King Henrys wanted a divorce the Catholic Church refused to grant him, I believe (someone could correct my facts if I'm wrong.) The Anglican Church was the Church of England, and the Episopal Church is the Americanized version of that. They are liturgical churches, the short definition of that being a church that uses the liturgy in a service.
Sheesh, so many buzzwords you could use to search the progression of the churches. Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox are the three big branches. Luther and Calvin are big contributers to the different branches of Protestantism. If you check into the history of the Puritans you can see some of the sources of today's Protestant branches. The Baptist/Southern Baptist church split was over the issue of slavery. Predestination has played a big part in the division of the church, and who has authority. Some churches are congregational, some are under the authority of the pope, some constructed in a hierarchical manner without the ultimate authority of the pope. There's lots of little details. Best way to get some of the history might be to find an ordained priest (who's had to study church history in order to be ordained) and ask for the details of the denominations. Straight from the source is always best. Different pastors can fill you in on the current theological differences between denominations and individual churches.