Not likely. If you currently use a router to share a single DSL account and single IP, then a hub will not work for you unless only one machine ever logs in at a time. With the router and PPPoE, the router does the login sequence to get an IP address which it uses to aggregate your computers' traffic so it appears to be only one machine accessing the DSL line. If you plug them into a hub, then all the computers will attempt to directly access the DSL line. Each computer would need to have the PPPoE information set up, and only one could log in and use the Internet at a time. The only way to get around that would be to pay for more IP addresses from your ISP so that each machine could log in with its own information at the same time.
I can't imagine what would be happening that would make your router go down just by running eDonkey. Are you sure the router itself is failing, or is it just that when you start using eDonkey your bandwidth gets sucked up so totally that you seem to be unable to get any traffic through? I suppose possibly eDonkey is initiating so many connections that the router can't handle them all.