I don't need wikipedia. Right off the bat, the country is Algeria, Algiers is its capitol. Algeria was a French colony, to which a large number of French had migrated and lived.
So, when, in the late fifties independence movements flared up all over in Africa and the Middle East in all the European colonies, so it did in Algeria.
Just as in French Indochina (Vietnam) years before, the French fought back hard, but they were doomed in the face of the historical inevitability of any peoples wish to rule themselves.
But more French people were "integrated" into Algeria than were in Vietnam, and these people considered Algeria to be the "nth" (forget the actual number) Arrondissement of France (roughly equal to being the "51st US state.") They called themselves the pied-noirs.
France itself in the fifties was often politically unstable, going through more than one "Republic." de Gaulle was in and out of power -- more out than in. When he came back in, once again, to "save" the French nation, in the late fifties, he saw that Algeria needed to have its own independence.
But there was FIERCE opposition to this both in France and from the French Algerians, who, in the famous words of Monty Python, wanted to "keep China British!"
Only de Gaulle had the stature to do this, much like only Nixon could have recognized Communist China here. Nevertheless, more years and a lot of deaths had to pass until, I think, 1962, when Algeria finally did get its independence.
In those years, right wing Generals and others in France tried to assassinate de Gaulle numerous times. That man had balls of steel. The reason France, to this day, has redundant intelligence services is that, when de Gaulle came back in 1958, he couldn't trust his own intelligence service, and couldn't easily abolish the existing ones, so he started up his own, formal, parallel one.
Good times!
Btw, in the last decade, Algeria has had a situation similar to Egypt, in which the Western, progressive-leaning military has basically ruled what is supposed to a democracy, fighting an often extremely bloody war against Muslim militants, and abrogating elections in which the Muslims have won.
People can now go google and nitpick what I've written here, but this is the basic outline of modern day Algeria and France.