Originally posted by: BD2003
So bigger calibers are louder, have more recoil, more accurate, more expensive and hurt more? Is .22 the smallest or is it an in-betweener? My experience with guns goes about as far as BB guns and counterstrike, so forgive my ignorance. Is there a gun basics faq somewhere?
Ok
Forgive me if I start at too basic a level, but here goes
Cartridges use a primer that ignites when the firing pin of the firearm strikes the base of the cartridge. This can be in the rim or the center. 22's are a rimfire cartridge, and a .223 is a centerfire cartridge. The diameter is obviously about the same, but they are very different. The 22 is cheaper, because the bullet is driven to a lower velocity. This means less powder volume, smaller cases (several can be made from one .223 round). Now both can be accurate, and match .22 rifles are incredibly accurate at the range they were designed to be used.
Advantages for the 22- cheap
For the .223, higher velocity which results in flatter trajectory. Better for hunting or shooting people. (M16's use this round- well technically it is 5.56mm, the NATO designation). Cons- more expensive to shoot.
Now moving up in size, the bullet gets heavier. For a given amount of powder, a heavier bullet travels slower, but because of how physics works, the momentem and the ballistic qualities of the round change.
The larger round travels slower, but retains a greater percentage of it's original velocity. It's flight path has a more exaggerated arc as a result of the slower speed, which means you have to compensate more in aiming at various distances. You might shoot too high or low.
How you get around this is to increase the amount of powder to increase velocity and flatten the trajectory, but that means greater recoil. BTW powders are fomulated such that some burn faster or slower, and that affects things, but let's not go into that complication.
So what you buy depends on what you want to use it for. Shooting paper targets at 50 yards is not the same as shooting people in a battle, which is not the same as shooting an elk at 300 yds.