Hmm... Nuclear reactors. An important distinction I think. Dem by products.
also, he mentioned penicillin as a "war discovery"
Flemming discovered the value of penicillin in 1928 and it was eventually put into use on a large scale in 1942--I am guessing for treating soldiers in combat which makes sense.
But this is not a technology or discovery that happened because of war needs and research. It was initially discovered through pure accident: Flemming just happened to notice that some forgotten petri dish inoculated with staph was not properly stored away, and had hosted a mold colony.
It had been tested and verified through a handful of anecdotal studies, but the only real contribution that one could put on this as a "War discovery" is the need to massproduce the vaccine, which was certainly quite difficult at the time--which started around 1940 or 41.
I would say it's actual merely a result of being a point of interest in the already-established war industrialization process that the UK and US were already well-engaged-in. It's an important point, sure, but the discovery and efficacy of penicillin were not products of war.
I think nuclear energy is a better argument: that French fellow, I forget his name, that first posited the self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction and convinced Einstein to write his letter to Roosevelt, did so under full knowledge that the Nazis were working on the bomb as well--Einstein's argument was that this research is primarily essential, in the present, as a weapon. The theory had been around for some time among theoretical physicists, but the pressure and necessary funds were never greater than that time. One wonders If that research ever would have seen those type of resources if it was not aimed towards beating Hitler.