For Bristol ridge generation(9xxx series) laptop APUs ends in p, e.g. 9xxxp. Desktops are all 9xxx without the p at the end. The 8xxxp series are all for laptops only and as you can see, they all have p at the end. The older 7xxx series, steamroller based APUs are different. Desktop versions all end in k e.g a10 7850k. The laptop version has no k at the end. Eg a6 7310.
Now for the prefix... They denote performances levels just like Intel's i3,i5,i7.
A12 series are meant for businesses but performance is the same as the A10. The FX prefix also appear for laptop. These are a bit higher performance than the A10 and are meant to compete with an Intel ULV i5. E.g. FX 9800p is higher clocked than the A10 9600p and has faster R7 Radeon iGpu. A6 and anything lower are for netbooks. A4 and A2 series are not bulldozer based cores, they are puma cores which is the successor to the jaugar cores found in consoles. Their performance is around that of an Intel atom brand or Apollo lake SoCs so they are meant for netbooks.
Generally, prefix ax denotes performance category. First digit denotes generations. 2nd to the 4th digit denotes performance. Letter it ends with denotes desktop or laptop variants. Higher the number in everyone of them means higher performance APU.