Originally posted by: dullard
Originally posted by: notfred
What's a DNA amplifier do?
Simplified answer:
A commonly used reaction called the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is frequently used in several fields of work. An enzyme takes a strand of DNA and makes a copy of it. To do that requires 3 main steps - make your sample (DNA + enzyme + raw materials) hot, cold, then medium in temperature. Each time you repeat the steps, you can double the amount of DNA. So if you had 1 strand, after one cycle you'd have 2, then 4, 8, 16, 32...billions of copies.
Why would you want a DNA amplifier? Suppose you had an unknown off-white powder fall out of your mailbox and all but one tiny grain blew away. Suppose that could be anthrax. Well one tiny bit of dust is too small for any conventional tests to work on. But if you had billions more then you could easily work with it.
Or suppose you are in the doctors office and your doctor thinks you have a virus. Pretend there is only a minute amount of that virus in your bloodstream. The doctor can remove a gallon of blood and then have enough sample to test, or your doctor can remove a small drop and amplify what is in there. Your chioce.
PCR is a bit more complicated than that, but I hope this gives the general drift.
Edit: What is my research? Typical PCR machines take 2-3 hours to operate. If your doctor want to test a sample, it is usually send off to a lab, and you get your answer back in 3-7 days. My goal is to drastically reduce the time required. My machine ran in 13 minutes (although I'm trying to get it down to 5). Thus your doctor could have one in his/her office and you get your results by the time you get home.