If you have an Athlon 64 and an Athlon 64 X2 at the same core clock (for instance, an Athlon 64 3200+ Orleans and Athlon 64 X2 3800+ Windsor, both of which are at 2 GHz), and they have the same amount of L2 cache available to each core (as the above 2 do), and a lot of other things are the same... then yes, disabling 1 core of the dual-core processor would yield something very much like the single-core processor.
Note that a lot of simplifying assumptions go into that. Note also that Athlon 64s and Athlon 64 X2s with the same PR rating (such as the two 3800+ products discussed above) will have different stock clock speeds, and some Athlon 64s with the same PR rating have significantly different specs.
The Athlon 64 3200+ and Athlon 64 X2 3800+ on Socket AM2 would be about the same. If you have a different X2, that would be a factor.