In theory, g is backwards compatible with b. g remains not yet fully baked, so be a bit wary. But the prices are dropping fast and a lot can be fixed in firmware later.
g is max 54Mb/s transmission rate (~22Mb/s real throughput they say) while b is max 11Mb/s transmission rate (~5Mb/s real throughput they say).
I think it depends as well on what you need it for. I chose b because I'm only doing wireless internet from a cable modem. That only throughputs at 1.5 Mbps, so getting g just seemed pointless. If you're playing games or transferring files over the LAN, then g may be the way to go.
Wireless Ethernet needs additional protocol over head for the transfer. In addition, it is not as stable as Wired so it needs extra processing procedures.
As a result the 11Mb/sec. of the Network chipset is translated to a much lower actual performance. Usually 4-6Mb/sec.
Few 802.11b hardware units are also capable to work at 22Mb/sec.(usually referred to as b+) it is nice if it works, in real term will yield 20%-40% more than 11Mb/sec. systems.
The 802.11g line that is rated 54Mb/sec. in the real world it yields 18-22Mb/sec.
The differences between the first set of graphs to the second represent the performance differences between 802.11b to 802.11g
Networking in General is no CPU OverClocking or "squeezing" few frames from a "puny" Video card, it is more complicated.
The number of variables that goes into the equation of each situation is so variant that it is impossible to give one rule of thumb.
If the Wireless Computer is going to be used in the vicinity of the Wireless Gateway, and you are going for 802.11b buy the cheapest you can find. You can get a Wireless Cable/DSL Router for about $29.99 + PCMCIA card for $9.99 (both after rebate).
If you go with 801.11g get a set from D-Link or Linksys. Both seem to be at the top of the current rather limited "crop" of 802.11g Entry Level hardware.
If you are going for 802.11b and long distance is a must, it is a very long story and I am not going to try analyzing it here.
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