Let the car cool off to room temperature, so the radiator is safe for cap removal. Look in the coolant. Do you see something that looks like oil, or an oil-emulsion with the coolant? I think this would look milky-white. Also, check your oil-dipstick, and see if you nave antifreeze with water in the crankcase.
overheating can be a symptom of many things. You seem to have addressed all but one: a blown head-gasket.
Head Gasket web-blog
It's not an easy DIY operation even for seasoned home-mechanics, unless they have easy access to a means of resurfacing the cylinder head, where it mates with the engine block. This would likely be a large belt-driven sander, which can support the size and weight of the relevant parts. Even if your decision ultimately favors outsourcing to your mechanic or shop, it's not a lot of trouble to familiarize yourself and give a quick glance to what has to be done to replace the head gasket. Here's a decent description:
Replace Head Gasket.
When I once had this sort of thing done, I was recommended to overhaul the entire engine, which had ~160,000 miles op it, and the engine overhaul expense at that time was approximately $700 and change. The Civic 1200 was considered by some good-ol'-boy Dukes-of-Hazard-type mechanics to be in a muscle-car class by itself, but the engine was small, the vehicle had a simple design, and an engine-overhaul expense reflected all of those factors. Then, I was young and fulla beans, and at age 33 was able to carry the engine from my parking lot to my cellar storage bin -- or about half a flight of stairs going up, and a whole flight of stairs going down.
Something like that today would be a Civic or Corolla with a lot more bling and features, and my blind guess would make $1,400 the minimum possible repair-market price. It all depends on your make and model. If the car is more than 20 or 30 years old, the repair shop may have trouble finding parts. What kind of car is it and what model year? Oh! it was in the thread title! Sorry.
BoomerD also has insights. A temperature sending unit is a very inexpensive repair -- which you probably could do yourself if you can find the right wire junctions and the location of the part on the engine. A bad gauge means removal or partial removal -- dislodgement -- of the dashboard, less fun if you're the mechanic, and I wouldn't know the number of labor hours with that. Even that part should certainly cost less than $100, depending on make, model and year. I'd have to check.