Latency is most often a function of available bandwidth.
In a wide open pipe, the latency is a function of serialization (converting data into bits) and processing to put it "on the wire," then distance ... with TCP-type connections showing more latency (because transmissions must be acknowledged (ACK'd)) than UDP-type connections.
Congestion causes the data to be buffered beyond normal processing times.
There is NO QOS through the Internet. Any QOS offered by a SOHO system is for internal traffic, and (at best) "who gets out first" at the WAN port. Once it hits the ISP, all bets are off.
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